Wet Milling, Seeding, and Ultrasound in the Optimization of the Oiling-Out Crystallization Process

Complicated solution environments in oiling-out crystallization can lead to particle agglomeration with wide size distribution and low purity of the products, due complex interactions among two liquid phases one solid phase during crystallization. This research mainly focuses on optimization by controlling process a model system propyl paraben–ethanol–water. Nucleation control technologies, wet milling, seeding, ultrasound were used limit agglomeration. Further investigations milling performed before nucleation or crystal growth stages different geometries, such as coarse, medium, fine rotor–stator tooth pairs. An integrated analytical technology tools (PAT) array, including focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), visual monitoring (PVM), attenuated total ultraviolet/visible (ATR-UV/vis), was observe droplet formation dispersed phase, distributions, shapes growth. The results demonstrate that technologies help optimize levels efficiencies.